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How to Do Cpr on a Dog: A San Fransisco Dog Walker’s Guide

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Posted by The San Francisco Dog Walker

San Francisco Dog Walker-Dogs-CPR

 

How to Do Cpr on a Dog: A San Fransisco Dog Walker’s Guide

Emergencies can strike without warning, and as a dog owner, knowing how to perform CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) on your furry friend could save their life. Whether your dog is choking, has drowned, or is experiencing cardiac arrest, acting quickly and confidently is critical. You will know how to do CPR on your dog, when to use it, and how to be ready for emergency situations after reading this blog.

Why Every Dog Owner Should Learn CPR

Emergencies involving pets are often unexpected, and professional help may not always be immediately available. CPR can:

  • Provide life-saving care during critical moments.
  • Stabilize your dog until you can get to a veterinarian.
  • Empower you to act quickly and decisively in emergencies.
  • CPR skills give you peace of mind and ensure you’re prepared to protect your dog’s life.

When Should You Perform CPR on Your Dog?

CPR should only be performed if your dog is unresponsive and not breathing. Here are the signs to look for.

You need to act right away if these signs are present:

  • Your dog is unconscious and does not respond to calls or touch.
  • No breathing or movement of the chest is seen.
  • There is no beating or pulse that you can feel.

 

The Right Way to do CPR on Your Dog

Step 1: Look at the situation

Before you start CPR, make sure that you and your dog are both safe. You can tell if your dog is alert by saying its name, gently tapping it, or just watching.

Step 2: Check for Breathing and Pulse

Look for chest movement or feel for breath by placing your hand near your dog’s nose. To check for a pulse, put two fingers inside the thigh near the groin area or at the base of the tail.  If your dog is not breathing and there’s no pulse, proceed to CPR immediately.

Step 3: Position Your Dog

Place your dog on a flat surface on their right side. Straighten their neck and head to open their airway and ensure they are in the right position for chest compressions.

Step 4: Open up the airway

Open your dog’s mouth and carefully remove any food, toys, or other objects that might be in the way. Be careful not to push things further down the throat.

Step 5: Provide Rescue Breaths

  1. Close your dog’s mouth and create a seal by placing your mouth over their nose.
  2. Gently blow air into their nose until you see the chest rise.
  3. Allow the chest to fall before repeating. Provide two rescue breaths initially.

Step 6: Perform Chest Compressions

The technique for chest compressions depends on the size of your dog:

  • Small Dogs (<30 pounds): Use one hand to compress the chest, placing your thumb on one side and fingers on the other.
  • Medium to Large Dogs (>30 pounds): Use both hands, one on top of the other, to press down on the widest part of the chest.

About a third to a half of the chest’s depth should be pressed down. Keep up a pace of 100 to 120 compressions per minute.

Step 7: Alternate Between Compressions and Breaths

Follow a cycle of 30 chest compressions and two rescue breaths. Continue this cycle until:

  • Your dog begins breathing or regains consciousness.
  • You reach a veterinary clinic, or professional help arrives.

Step 8: Take Your Dog to a Veterinarian

Even if your dog appears to recover, seek immediate veterinary attention. CPR can cause internal injuries, and your dog may require further care.

 

Tips for Performing Effective Dog CPR

  • Be Gentle Yet Firm: Apply enough pressure to compress the chest without causing harm.
  • Stay Calm: Panic can slow your ability to act effectively. Focus on the steps and remain composed.
  • Practice Regularly: Taking a pet CPR class can help you feel more confident and prepared for emergencies.

 

Common Scenarios Requiring Dog CPR

Choking

Dogs are curious creatures and can choke on food, toys, or other small objects. If your dog is choking:

  1. Perform the Heimlich maneuver by placing your hands just below the ribcage and applying upward pressure.
  2. If the object is not dislodged, follow up with CPR.

Drowning

If your dog has drowned:

  1. Remove them from the water and clear the airway.
  2. Begin rescue breathing immediately, and if required, do chest compressions following.

Cardiac Arrest

Cardiac arrest may occur as a result of trauma, sickness, or poisoning. CPR is necessary in such instances to sustain circulation and oxygen supply.

 

Preventing Emergencies

While CPR is vital, prevention is always better. Here are steps to reduce the risk of emergencies:

  • Watch Your Dog: While your dog plays and does things outside, keep an eye on him.
  • Make sure the area is safe: Eliminate choke risks and ensure the safety of places that could be dangerous.
  • Checkups with your vet regularly: Regular health checks can find problems before they become accidents.

Preparing for Emergencies

Being prepared can make all the difference during an emergency. Consider these tips:

  • Take a Pet First Aid Class: Learn hands-on skills for CPR and other emergency care techniques.
  • Assemble an Emergency Kit: Include pet first aid guide, gauze, gloves, and a muzzle.
  • Keep Emergency Contacts Handy: Have your vet’s number and the nearest emergency clinic in your phone.

The Importance of Regular Exercise

Maintaining your dog’s overall health can reduce the likelihood of emergencies. Regular exercise improves cardiovascular health, strengthens muscles, and enhances respiratory function. However, overexertion should be avoided, especially for older dogs or those with pre-existing conditions.

Why Hire a San Francisco Dog Walker?

If you live in San Francisco, hiring a professional dog walker can be valuable in maintaining your dog’s health and well-being. A reliable dog walker ensures your pet gets regular, safe exercise, reduces stress, and promotes overall fitness. They can also be extra eyes, noticing unusual behavior or health concerns during walks.

Do you have a busy schedule? A San Francisco dog walker can care for and entertain your dog, giving you peace of mind while ensuring your pet stays happy and active.

Conclusion

Knowing how to do CPR on your dog is very important because it could save their life in an emergency. When your dog needs you the most, you can be sure you’ll be ready by knowing the signs of trouble, how to do CPR correctly, and knowing what to do.
But the best way to avoid problems is always to avoid them. Regular exercise, going to the vet for checkups, and living safely can significantly lower the risk of accidents.

Do you know your Poisons? Common Dog Poisons

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Dog Poisons

As a dog walker in San Francisco, I’ve witnessed just how curious dogs can be. From sniffing every corner of Golden Gate Park to poking their noses into unexpected places, their curiosity often leads them into trouble. One of the most critical issues I’ve encountered is the risk of exposure to common poisons for dogs. Knowing what’s dangerous to dogs can save a life, especially when time is of the essence.

Here’s an overview of some of the most dangerous substances for dogs and tips on how to keep your furry friends safe.

What Is Dog Poisons?

Everyday substances can poison dogs, many common in households or public areas. While walking dogs in neighborhoods or parks, I’m always cautious of what they might ingest. Poison in dogs often comes from things we wouldn’t expect, such as foods, medications, or chemicals.

Here are the ones to look out for!

Medications

Over-the-counter human medications can be extremely toxic to dogs. For instance:

  • Acetaminophen (Tylenol) and Ibuprofen (Advil) can cause gastrointestinal irritation, stomach ulcers, and kidney damage.
  • Naproxen (Aleve) has a long half-life in dogs and can cause gastrointestinal irritation, anaemia, melena (digested blood in feces), and vomiting

Antifreeze

Antifreeze is very dangerous to dogs and causes central nervous system depression and acute renal failure. Treatment needs to be within eight hours of ingestion to be successful.

Mouse and Rat Poison

Mouse and rat poison ingestion is common in dogs. Most rodenticides in the United States are anticoagulant by depleting Vitamin K. This type is the most frequent cause of poisoning in pets. Third generation products contain brodifacoum or bromadiolone and are toxic after a single ingestion. Signs include spontaneous and excessive bleeding internally and externally. Treatment is with Vitamin K supplementation. Other rodenticides may contain cholecalciferol which causes hypercalcemia and leads to heart and kidney problems. Newer rodenticides may contain bromethalin which causes central nervous system signs such as seizures, muscle tremors, and depression.

Environmental Poisons

Environmental hazards are everywhere in San Francisco, from parks to sidewalks. Here’s what I watch for during our walks:

Insecticides

Insecticides used in dogs for fleas and ticks commonly contain either organophosphates or carbamates. they can be absorbed through the skin, conjunctiva, gastrointestinal tract, and lungs. Organophosphates inhibit acetylcholinesterase irreversibly and carbamates inhibit cholinesterase reversibly. Toxicity occurs through over-dose with an appropriate product or use of an agricultural product. Signs for both include hyper-salivation, vomiting, lethargy, tremors, difficulty walking, weakness, and death.

Lead Poisoning

Lead poisoning is uncommon in dogs. Exposure to lead is from eating paint chips from lead-based paint (found in houses painted prior to 1950), and eating lead objects such as shot, fishing sinkers, or counterweights. Signs of poisoning include vomiting, diarrhea, blindness, seizures, and tremors.

Foods That Are Poisonous to Dogs

Certain foods that are harmless to humans can be deadly to dogs. While walking dogs in San Francisco’s parks, I often remind owners to keep snacks securely out of reach.

  • Raisins and Grapes: Even small amounts of raisins or grapes can cause kidney failure in dogs. Symptoms include lethargy, vomiting, and a loss of appetite.
  • Xylitol: This artificial sweetener, found in sugar-free gums and candies, can cause a dangerous drop in blood sugar and liver damage.
  • Alcohol: Even tiny amounts can lead to poisoning, causing confusion, vomiting, or worse.

Chocolate

Chocolate is a common cause of poisoning in dogs. The toxic principles in chocolate are theobromine and caffeine. Baker’s chocolate is the most dangerous form since it contains higher concentrations of these drugs, followed by semi-sweet, dark, and then milk chocolate. Signs include vomiting, diarrhea, tremors, difficulty walking, seizures, and heart problems.

Chocolate is a common cause of dog poisoning and one I’ve seen too many times. The toxic ingredients in chocolate are theobromine and caffeine, which dogs metabolize much more slowly than humans. Different types of chocolate pose varying levels of danger:

  • Baker’s chocolate is the most dangerous, with the highest concentrations of theobromine and caffeine.
  • Semi-sweet and dark chocolate follow in toxicity.
  • Milk chocolate is less toxic but can still cause problems in large quantities.

How Much Chocolate Is Dangerous to a Dog?

Even a small amount of chocolate can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and tremors. Larger amounts may lead to difficulty walking, seizures, or heart problems. Owners often ask me, “How much chocolate can a dog eat before it becomes dangerous?” The answer varies based on your dog’s size and the type of chocolate, but any amount is potentially harmful. It’s always better to err on the side of caution and avoid letting your dog consume chocolate at all.

What to Do If Your Dog Is Poisoned

If you suspect your dog has ingested something toxic, time is critical. Contact your veterinarian or an animal poison control centre immediately. Bring the packaging of the substance or a sample of what they consumed to assist with diagnosis.

How to Prevent Poisoning in Dogs

  1. Secure Your Home: Keep medications, foods, and cleaning products out of reach. Store these items in cabinets or containers that your dog cannot access.
  2. Supervise Outdoor Time: Pay attention to what your dog sniffs or eats during walks. That is especially important in areas like Golden Gate Park or Fort Funston, where hidden dangers like rodenticides or chocolate crumbs might lurk.
  3. Be Prepared: Learn about what is poisonous to dogs and how to respond in an emergency.

A Final Note: Staying Safe Together

As a San Francisco dog walker, I see firsthand how quickly dogs can get into trouble. By staying informed about common poisons for dogs and being proactive, you can protect your furry friend from harm. Whether knowing how much chocolate is dangerous to a dog or spotting hazards like antifreeze spills, vigilance is key. Let’s work together to ensure our dogs live happy, healthy lives in our beautiful city!

 

Black Sand at Fort Funston

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So, what is that black stuff on the beach in Fort Funston? Is it oil left over from the Cosco Busan spill? No, in fact it is the chalky substance-veins of volcanic ash thrown from Mount Lassen thousands of years ago. After all of our heavy storms this winter, most of the top layer of silica sand had been blown or washed away to leave dark colored streaks on the beaches. This black sand is a kind of iron ore called magnetite. The magnetite is a part of the cliff walls, and as the sandstone erodes, it leaves the heavier iron-based magnetite on the beach.

Black sand can be seen as a layer on top of silica sand in regions with high wave energy. This weight enables it to remain when high-energy waves wash the lighter sand grains out into the surf zone.

Take a magnet with you to the beach and run it through the sand, magnetite will stick to the ends. The dark minerals in beach sand at right, from Fort Funston are primarily magnetite and amphiboles, which are non-magnetic black minerals. Both of these mineral types tend to fracture into very small grains that collect on the surface of the sand, by virtue of being smaller and, therefore, lighter.

Chronic Diarrhea in Dogs: Causes, Symptoms & Solutions

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Tips from The San Francisco Dog Walker

You’ve likely dealt with the occasional upset stomach if you’re a dog owner. But what happens when diarrhea becomes a chronic issue? For many of us, our dogs are like family, and seeing them struggle with persistent digestive problems can be stressful and confusing. Chronic diarrhea is more than just an inconvenience—it’s often a sign of an underlying health problem that needs to be addressed.

What is Chronic Diarrhea?

Chronic diarrhea is frequent loose or watery stools that last over three weeks. Unlike acute diarrhea, which usually resolves independently, chronic diarrhea requires a deeper investigation to identify the root cause. If your dog’s symptoms do not improve with changes to food or medications you can buy on your own, they may have a serious condition.

Common Causes of Chronic Diarrhea

Acute or chronic diarrhea in dogs can be caused by many factors, from the type of foods fed to the dog to serious health complications. Here are some of the most common culprits:

1.  Dietary Intolerance and Allergies

Many cases of chronic diarrhea are linked to what your dog eats. Some potential dietary causes include:

  • Food allergies: Dogs can suffer from specific protein allergies, such as chicken, beef, or grains.
  • Dietary indiscretion: Toxins found in spoiled food, garbage, and foreign and non-food objects can irritate the tract.
  • Bacterial Infections: Your dog can get chronic diarrhea from bacterial infections, like salmonella, or viral illnesses, like parvovirus. Often, these conditions come with other signs, like throwing up, fever, or constant tiredness.
  • Diet changes: Your dog may experience digestive upset when you change foods concerning their diet. So be sure to introduce new food brands or types in small quantities mixed in wheir regular diet. Increase the new food gradually until you have switched over completely. This will help to minimize any discomfort for your dog.

2.  Parasites

Internal parasites like giardia, hookworms, or roundworms can cause persistent diarrhea. Even dogs that take regular parasite medicines can sometimes get sick, so it’s important to test them regularly.

3.  Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

IBD is characterized by the inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, which is attributed to immune responses. This condition can be managed only in the long term, and a very strict diet plan should be prescribed for the patient

4.  Stress or Anxiety

You may not know this, but your dog’s stress level depends on its emotional state, which has consequences for its stomach. Stress and changes in the dog’s environment, like moving to a new home, can also cause diarrhea.

5.  Serious Health Conditions

Chronic diarrhea can also point toward organs like liver disease, kidney disease, or even cancer. Even though these are not common, they can only be determined by veterinary examination.

Diagnosing Chronic Diarrhea

If diarrhea has occurred for several weeks, you should take your dog to a vet. A thorough diagnosis typically involves:

  1. Medical History: The vet will probably ask you about what you feed your dog, what he likes to do for fun, and any changes or upsetting events in his life.
  2. Examination: An examination of the body may also show signs of pain, swelling, or loss of appetite from insufficient food and water.
  3. Fecal Tests: Stool samples are examined for parasites, bacteria, and high or low amounts of fat or blood.
  4. Blood tests: The vet can look for signs of illness, organ function, and inflammation.
  5. Imaging: X-rays or ultrasounds can show if something is wrong with the digestive system.
  6. Biopsies: Sometimes, tissue samples are needed to prove certain conditions, such as IBD.

Treatment Options for Chronic Diarrhea

As soon as your vet figures out what’s making your pet sick, they will tell you what to do. Here are some common treatment options:

1.  Make Adjustments in the Diet

When it comes to changing the diet pattern, there are usually three factors that one needs to consider.

  • Elimination diets: One way of removing potential allergens from the dog’s diet is to eliminate allergens in normal foods.
  • Prescription diets: Special meals for the digestive system can help to calm an irritated stomach lining.
  • Probiotics: They help in healthy gut flora and digestion.

2.  Medications

  • Anti-parasitic drugs: If parasites are the cause, your dog may need deworming treatments.
  • Antibiotics: Antibiotics can help treat bacterial infections.
  • Anti-inflammatory drugs: Conditions like IBD may need corticosteroids or other medications to reduce inflammation.

3.   Stress Management

If stress is highlighted, efforts should be made to establish and avoid areas where dogs are commonly attacked. Making a schedule, giving the dog lots of exercise, and using items that help soothe the animal can all be useful.

4.  Long-term care for Chronic Conditions

In many cases, such as IBD or liver disease, dogs receive lifelong treatment where diet plays a significant role besides drug prescriptions and occasional follow-up of the disease’s progression

At-Home Care Tips

While you’re working with your vet, there are steps you can take at home to support your dog’s recovery:

  • Hydration: They include the fact that long-term diarrhea morbidity results in dehydration. It is important to note that your dog should always have access to fresh water.
  • Monitor stool: Keep track of changes in color, consistency, and frequency to report to your vet.
  • Avoid table scraps: Stick to your vet’s recommended diet to avoid further irritation.
  • Slow transitions: If switching foods, gradually over 7-10 days to prevent further upset.

When to Seek Immediate Help

In some cases, chronic diarrhea can escalate to a medical emergency. Contact your vet right away if your dog shows any of the following:

  • Blood in the stool
  • Vomiting
  • Severe lethargy
  • Fever
  • Signs of pain, such as whining or a hunched posture

Preventing Chronic Diarrhea

Even if not every situation can be avoided, you can lower the risk by:

  • Feeding a high-quality diet
  • Taking pets for vet check-ups frequently
  • Continue with the practices of parasite prevention.
  • Restriction from garbage or toxic foods
  • Manage your dog’s stress levels

Conclusion

Chronic diarrhea in dogs is challenging but can be managed with the right approach. Find the root of the problem and do what your vet tells you to to help your dog return to a happy, healthy life. Remember that diarrhea that won’t go away is not ok; getting help immediately is crucial to avoid more significant problems. You are responsible for your furry friend’s health, so don’t be afraid to get help if something doesn’t seem right.

As dog owners, we know our pets bring endless joy and companionship. Addressing their health concerns promptly ensures they’ll continue to do so for years to come.

Try Firm Up! made by Diggin Your Dog

Poisonous Mushroom Identification

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Not all mushrooms are edible, and certain ones can be deadly. Of particular concern are those in the Amanita genus. Here are some resources to help you identify dangerous mushrooms that would be harmful to your dog or cat.

If you fear your dog or cat has eaten a poisonous mushroom seek veterinary help immediately. They can go into a coma-like sleep within hours of ingestion or suffer severe liver failure. Time is truly of the essence. Contact your veterinarian, a pet poison control center or visit your local Animal ER.

Resources

 

The Deadly Death Cap and Other Amanita Mushrooms

With names referencing death and destruction, it’s no wonder the Amanita mushroom genus contains some of the most famous and deadly of all poisonous mushrooms. The death cap (Amanita phalloides) is suspected to have caused more mushroom poisoning deaths than any other species!

Yet what makes some amanita mushrooms so poisonous? Certain species of Amanita contain amanitin, a deadly amatoxin.

Amatoxins are some of the most lethal poisons found in nature. These toxins work by slowly shutting down the liver and kidneys. Often the victim will appear sick at first, and then seem to get better. Unfortunately the amatoxins are still at work, and death may occur anywhere from a few days to a week after ingestion.

This poison knows no real antidote beyond treating the victim with an extract of milk thistle. Milk thistle protects against liver damage from toxins, and is one of the treatments for amanita mushroom poisoning.

Despite this treatment, it’s said that one cap of a death cap is enough to kill. Given the danger, we’d better learn some poisonous mushroom identification! Visit this page to learn how to identify poisonous amanita mushrooms in general. 

Remember: Never solely identify any mushroom based on what you’ve seen on any website (including this one) or by comparing it to a picture in a book. Always obtain hands-on expert help when identifying a new mushroom and never eat anything you’re not sure of!

Death Cap DetailsAmanita phalloides

 

Cap

  • Convex initially but flattens with age, often sticky when touched
  • Between 3 to 6 inches across
  • Color is usually a shade of yellow to green, but sometimes white or brownish
  • White gills underneath the cap that don’t run down the stem

Stem

  • Between 3 to 6 inches across and less than an inch thick
  • Usually whitish, sometimes with scales
  • Often a ring around the stem right below the cap. This ring is the remnant of the partial veil, a piece of tissue that protected the mushroom’s gills as it grew.
  • Also present is a white sac around the base of the stem. All amanita mushrooms start their lives as small buttons in the shape of an egg. This egg-like covering is actually a layer of tissue called the universal veil, or volva.

Because they form as a small button, an amanita may sometimes be mistaken for an edible puffball. This is why it’s essential to slice a puffball open before eating it. Puffballs are white and solid on the inside with no gills. If you see gills, you may have an amanita on your hands.

Once the mushroom has grown, the sac-like remnants of this universal veil are still an important identification characteristic. It’s often underground so you may have to dig carefully around the base to find it.

However, never assume that you don’t have an amanita mushroom just because you can’t find the sac. It may have disintegrated or broken away. Use all features for poisonous mushroom identification, not just one!

Amanita phalloides, the death cap mushroom  The mushrooms have a sweet odor (like honey) and are attractive to some dogs   (whose owners report they actually seek them out to eat them).  They are  really non little white mushrooms. The toxic effects appear about 6-36 hours after the mushrooms are eaten, and once signs are seen the toxicity is poorly responsive to treatment (we try a lot of things to support the animal, but if enough mushrooms were eaten it will be fatal despite the treatment).  If someone suspects their dog may have eaten a mushroom, the best treatment is to take the dog immediately to a vet or emergency clinic and have them induce vomiting and give activated charcoal.  The mushroom toxin is absorbed fairly rapidly, but the damage to the liver can take hours before it is clinically apparent.  Don’t waste time trying to figure out if the mushroom is toxic as speed in removing the mushroom from the digestive system is the most important thing in my experience.Here is a link with some pictures https://wikipedia.org/wiki/amanita_phalloides

Although most SF/local mushrooms are not poisonous, and those that are usually cause only digestive upset (perhaps causing someone to wish they would die), Death Caps (Amanita phalloides) are aptly named. After an initial digestive upset death caps prevent liver cells from regenerating. Within a few days after ingestion there are no new liver cells to replace the old ones, and liver failure occurs. The below message describes death caps as “little white mushrooms.” Note: They might look like that in the early stages, but mature mushrooms can grow quite large (check yahoo group for photo of mushroom I’m holding in hand)  and they have a slight metallic, greenish look. Check out the wikipedia link for photos of death caps in various stages. I have seen death caps south of SF and in the east bay. There might be some in SF. The common “white mushrooms” I’ve seen in SF, e.g. growing in lawns, are not death caps (various Agaricus–see photo). Death Caps have WHITE GILLS (e.g. the radiating blades on the underside of the cap), while most of the “lawn” mushroom have brown gills. At Fort Funston beneath the trees, I’ve spotted white-gilled mushrooms, but they have shaggy scales on the cap (see photo). Not death caps. Possibly Lepiota rachodes. Don’t take a chance w/mushroom, especially death caps. Supervise your dog.

Other Infamous Amanita

No page on poisonous mushrooms would be complete without discussing the death cap’s deadly cousin, the destroying angel.

The term “destroying angel” actually refers to a few all-white poisonous mushrooms in the Amanita genus. They are:

  • Amanita bisporigera in Eastern North America
  • Amanita ocreata in Western North America
  • Amanita virosa in Europe (below)

Amanita bisporigera/virosa Very poisonous mushroom
Amanita virosa is known as the “European destroying angel”. There is some disagreement as to whether this mushroom exists in the United States.

Destroying angels are sometimes mistaken for edible mushrooms such as young puffballs, button mushrooms, and meadow mushrooms. Thus it’s important to learn how to identify them.

The destroying angel is very similar to the death cap in terms of identification. The biggest difference is that they’re all white, with no green or yellow tint. They’re recognized by their rounded base, white color, and smooth cap. One bite of these may contain enough amatoxins to kill!

Of course, not every species in the Amanitamushroom genus is poisonous. Some, such as Amanita caesarea (Caesar’s mushroom), are edible. Yet given the danger involved in eating the wrong amanita, it’s best to avoid the genus entirely unless you really know what you’re doing.

It’s important to learn how to recognize Amanitas (especially the death cap and the destroying angel) if one is going to start eating wild mushrooms. Proper knowledge can prevent a fatal mistake!

– See more at: https://www.mushroom-appreciation.com/death-cap.html#sthash.aPp52tla.dpuf

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Doggie Business – Nominated Best San Francisco Dog Walker!